Vahala california institute of technology, mail stop 12895, pasadena, california 91125, usa email. Optical microcavities trap light in compact volumes by the mechanisms of. Nanoscale lasers with optical microcavities by junseok heo a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy electrical engineering in the university of michigan 2011 doctoral committee. But then, vahala and his team found, the energy is pulled. Watson laboratory of applied physics, california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125, usa. The raman emissions are observed by using both the optical spectrograph and the optical spectral analyzer osa.
Handbook of optical microcavities crc press book an optical cavity confines light within its structure and constitutes an integral part of a laser device. One potential application that has received attention recently is an ultrasmall onchip optical gyroscope 318. Since 20 he has also served as the executive officer of the department of applied physics and materials science at caltech vahala studies the physics and applications of photonic devices called optical. Highq microcavities for miniature clocks and gyroscopes. Pdf imaging soliton dynamics in optical microcavities. Compensation of thermal nonlinearity effect in optical resonators. Subtle difference in optical absorption between d 2 o and h 2 o is magnified due to light circulation in cavity. High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu a,b,1,2, hansuek leea,1, tong chena, steven herchakb, jihun kima, scott e. Enhanced nonlinear optics in photoniccrystal microcavities. Optical microcavities with high quality factors and small modal volumes are used in a wide range of applications such as lowthreshold lasers, optical. The frequency shift has been observed in several microcavity systems. Kerry vahala california institute of technology, usa. Stokes solitons in optical microcavities nature physics.
Optical microcavities have been proposed as a powerful method to achieve labelfree detection of single molecules because the resonant recirculation of light within a microcavity allows the light to sample target molecules many more times 1821. An optical microcavity or microresonator is a structure formed by reflecting faces on the two. The universal importance of these structures has made them indispensable to a wide range of fields. Physics department and research laboratory of electronics, mit, cambridge, ma 029, usa abstract. High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu, hansuek lee, tong chen, steven herchak, jihun kim, scott e. For example, microcavities made of active iiiv semiconductor materials control laser emission spectra to enable longdistance transmission of data over optical fibres.
Apr 12, 2011 high sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu, hansuek lee, tong chen, steven herchak, jihun kim, scott e. Nonlinear optics in highq microresonators kerry vahala. Request pdf optical microcavities optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar.
We demonstrate a chipscale photonic system for the roomtemperature detection of gas composition and pressure using a slotted silicon microring resonator. High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical. This confinement allows photons trapped in the microcavity to strongly interact with matter, creating new quasiparticles called polaritons. By building semiconductor microcavities across which we can apply a voltage, polaritons can be polarised. Vahala, optical microcavities, nature 424, 839 2003. Optical microcavities have attracted strong research interests, for their unique property of confining photons for a long time in small volumes, which significantly enhances lightmatter interaction. Flagand, and kerry vahalaa,2 adepartment of applied physics, mc 12895, california institute of technology, pasadena, ca 91125. Each method has key advantages which will be briefly discussed. This can make extremely fast electricallycontrolled optical amplifiers as well as spin switches. Optical microcavities are structures that enable confinement of light to microscale volumes. Selected topics journal of quantum electronics, submit ted2004. Ultrasensitive detection of changes of refractive index.
Tonomura optical microcavities edited by kerry vahala california institute of technology, usa. For example, in a simple optical waveguide sensor, the input light has only one opportunity to. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of appl. An optical microcavity or microresonator is a structure formed by reflecting faces on the two sides of a spacer layer or optical medium, or by wrapping a waveguide in a circular fashion to form a ring. Therefore it is important to know which mechanisms may lead to ef. Combination of ultrahighq microcavities and tapered fibers can hence result in minimizing optical loss in various studies, which is often the main obstacle in realizing distinct physical functionalities. Apr 12, 2011 high sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu, a, b, 1, 2 hansuek lee, a, 1 tong chen, a steven herchak, b jihun kim, a scott e. Stokessolitons in optical microcavities qifan yang. The chemical surface functionalization of the microcavities surface. About the editorkerry vahala is the ted and ginger jenkins professor of information science and technology and profes. The microcavities that vahala and his team use include a laser input that provides the solitons with energy. Optical resonances in rotating dielectric microcavities of. Optical microcavities have been explored for various applications such as coherent light sources in integrated photonic circuits, singlephoton emitters, and biochemical sensors 1,2. An optical cavity is a structure that supports standing electromagnetic waves.
The name microcavity stems from the fact that it is often only a few micrometers thick, the spacer layer. Semantic scholar profile for kerry j vahala, with 261 highly influential citations and 276 scientific research papers. Jan 19, 2016 in summary, optical microcavities featuring large figure of merit qv m hold unprecedented potential for a wide range of applications, such as microlasers with ultralow threshold, microsensors with high sensitivity, and are great platforms to explore fundamental physics. Optical microcavities are structures that enable confinement of lightto microscale volumes. In this paper, we use mems microelectromechanical system skills, such as lithography, dry etching to fabricated silica optical microdisks. The former type is a standing wave cavity, and the latter is a traveling wave cavity. Optical microcavities advanced series in applied physics. The raman process has also been shown numerically to influence the soliton pumping efficiency. Optical microcavities confine light at resonant frequencies for extended periods of time and fundamentally alter the interaction of light with matter.
New breed of optical soliton wave discovered 6 september 2016, by robert perkins optical microcavities in which the solitons were created. High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu, a, b, 1, 2 hansuek lee, a, 1 tong chen, a steven herchak, b jihun kim, a scott e. Here, a perturbed lagrangian approach is used to derive simple analytical expressions for the sfs and the soliton. Vahala, optical microcavities nature 424, 839846 2003 this article about a united states engineer, inventor or industrial designer is a stub. Microcavities are wavelengthsized optical cavities that trap light at specific wavelengths. Labelfree, singlemolecule detection with optical microcavities. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of applications and studies. Unlike traditional gas lasers, semiconductor lasers are invariably much smaller in dimensions, making optical confinement more critical than ever. This energy cannot be directly absorbed by the stokes solitonthe pilot fish. Supplementary material of stokes solitons in optical microcavities qifan yang. Laser reflow technology on highq toroidal microcavity. Caltech vahala research group confining light on a chip. Nonlinear optics in ultrahighq whisperinggallery optical. The long, energystorage time and small form factor of these ultrahighq uhq resonators enable access to an amazingly wide range of nonlinear phenomena and creation of laser devices with remarkable properties.
An ideal one dimensional optical cavity supports only wavelengths satisfying the condition cav 2l cav n. Watson laboratories of applied physics, california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125. Also, new science results from radiationpressure coupling of optical and mechanical degreesoffreedom in the resonators themselves. They are the basis of numerous applied and fundamental studies, such as cavity qed, photonics and sensing. Aug 14, 2003 optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation. The observed sensitivity of this device enhanced due to the. Of all resonant geometries, surface tensioninduced microcavities, such as silica microspheres, exhibit the highest qfactor to date of. The spectrograph has a very high responsivity, making it ideal to detect the lasing signal right at the threshold point. Polman, 2004 not only demonstrate very high wgmode q. Kerry vahala at california institute of technology.
Solitonic modes that are redshifted due to a ramanrelated effect are reported in optical microcavities, and termed stokes solitons. Polaritons are a mixture of photons and semiconductor excitons that display different properties from either the. In recent decades, various fabrication techniques of microcavities with higher quality factors q and smaller mode volumes v m have been developed, pushing forward studies from fundamental. Simulations of rolledup optical microcavities using comsol. The universal importance of these structureshas made them indispensable to a wide range of fields. Vahala is the ted and ginger jenkins professor of information science and technology and professor of applied physics at the california institute of technology caltech.
Solitons are wave packets that resist dispersion through a self. Flagan, kerry vahala proceedings of the national academy of sciences apr 2011, 108 15 59765979. Osa theory and measurement of the soliton selffrequency. Optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation. Optical microcavities, which confine light to small volumes by resonant circulation in a dielectric medium, play an indispensable role in a wide range of applications and fundamental studies 20. A mode in one cavity couples to two di erent optical modes, a in the same cavity, b in two di erent cavities separately. Enhanced nonlinear optics in photoniccrystal microcavities jorge bravoabad, alejandro rodriguez, peter bermel, steven g. Optical resonances in rotating dielectric microcavities of deformed shape raktim sarma,1 li ge,2,3 and hui cao1, 1department of applied physics, yale university, new haven, connecticut 065208482, usa 2department of engineering science and physics, college of staten island, cuny, staten island, new york 10314, usa 3the graduate center, cuny, new york, new york 10016, usa. Kerry vahala is the ted and ginger jenkins professor of information. Aug 10, 2007 optical microcavities have been proposed as a powerful method to achieve labelfree detection of single molecules because the resonant recirculation of light within a microcavity allows the light to sample target molecules many more times 1821.
It is found, that microcavities with ultrahigh enter a regime where scattering of light into the degen. High efficiency raman lasers based on zrdoped silica. Wgm optical microcavities confined by total internal reflection tir. Quantum optical properties of a dipole emitter coupled to. Sideband spectroscopy and dispersion measurement in microcavities jiang li, hansuek lee, ki youl yang, and kerry j. Sideband spectroscopy and dispersion measurement in. Highq microcavities for miniature clocks and gyroscopes kerry vahala california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125 email. And after that, a novel processing method based on co2 laser reflow technology is. The measurement of dispersion and its control have become. This means that the electron and hole pairs which make them up are separated to opposite sides of the thin layers in which they are formed. Vahala observation of optical spring effect in a microtoroidal optomechanical resonator optics letters 32, 161116 2007 a. Like a tuning fork for light, optical resonators have a characteristic set of frequencies. Instead, the energy is consumed by the shark soliton. Optical microcavities confine light to small model volumes and have ultrahigh quality factor q, especially microtoroid cavities, having very broad application prospects.
California institute of technology, mail stop 12895, pasadena, california 91125, usa email. The 1d microcavity laser vcsel has already found widespread commercial use in data communications, and the equivalent 2d geometry has recently attracted a lot of research attention. Dissipative kerr cavity solitons experience a socalled selffrequency shift sfs as a result of raman interactions. Osa onchip gas detection in silicon optical microcavities. Thermal nonlinearity is known to cause bistability in whispering. Nonlinear photoniccrystal microresonators offer unique fun. We measure shifts in the resonance wavelength due to the presence and pressure of acetylene gas and resolve differences in the refractive index as small as 104 in the nearir. Journal publications caltech vahala research group. Labelfree, singlemolecule detection with optical microcavities science 317, 783787 2007 m.
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